Amongst the
various schools of art practiced in India, miniatures are one of the most visible and
widely prevalent types of painting school. These colorful pictures, painted in glowing
mineral and vegetable colors on hand-made papers have caught the attention of art lovers
all over the world. The natural colors used for creation of these paintingsThe main
centres of excellence include Rajasthan and Himachal. Coming to Rajasthan -be it the big
cities (capitals of erstwhile states) like Jaipur, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Bundi and
Kota or smaller ones like Kishangarh, Alwar, Jhalawar, Karauli, Chanerao or Pali -groups
of highly talented artists produce these remarkable paintings which their ancestors have
nurtured over a long period of time. The miniature school of Himachal Pradesh, known as
the Pahari school flourishes in the serene valleys of Chamba and Kangra.
The miniature tradition goes back at least to the 11th century when palm-leaf
manuscripts of Jain religious texts were prepared in different parts of southwest and
central Rajasthan. A typical example is a folio Niryukta written is preserved in the
Library at Jaisalmer. After the introduction of paper in the 14th century the artists got
more freedom to creative ideas. By the time Moghuls built up a powerful and prosperous
empire in the sixteenth century the Rajasthani princes were not lagging far behind.
Moghuls, besides being politically active also patronized art and architecture. Paintings
of Govinda, religious works and popular tales were produced for them in large numbers.
Though initially their style was heavily indebted to the refined and sophisticated Moghul
court style, the painters soon settled for traditional idioms and from the seventeenth
century the regional elements become dominant. The schools of Mewar, Marwar, Hadoti and
Dhundhar regions could now be recognized with little effort. With increasing popularity of
paintings there were proliferation of schools and sub-schools even in smaller states and
thikanas.