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miniat.jpg (27295 bytes)Amongst the various schools of art practiced in India, miniatures are one of the most visible and widely prevalent types of painting school. These colorful pictures, painted in glowing mineral and vegetable colors on hand-made papers have caught the attention of art lovers all over the world. The natural colors used for creation of these paintings

The main centres of excellence include Rajasthan and Himachal. Coming to Rajasthan -be it the big cities (capitals of erstwhile states) like Jaipur, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Bundi and Kota or smaller ones like Kishangarh, Alwar, Jhalawar, Karauli, Chanerao or Pali -groups of highly talented artists produce these remarkable paintings which their ancestors have nurtured over a long period of time. The miniature school of Himachal Pradesh, known as the Pahari school flourishes in the serene valleys of Chamba and Kangra.

The miniature tradition goes back at least to the 11th century when palm-leaf manuscripts of Jain religious texts were prepared in different parts of southwest and central Rajasthan. A typical example is a folio Niryukta written is preserved in the Library at Jaisalmer. After the introduction of paper in the 14th century the artists got more freedom to creative ideas. By the time Moghuls built up a powerful and prosperous empire in the sixteenth century the Rajasthani princes were not lagging far behind. Moghuls, besides being politically active also patronized art and architecture. Paintings of Govinda, religious works and popular tales were produced for them in large numbers. Though initially their style was heavily indebted to the refined and sophisticated Moghul court style, the painters soon settled for traditional idioms and from the seventeenth century the regional elements become dominant. The schools of Mewar, Marwar, Hadoti and Dhundhar regions could now be recognized with little effort. With increasing popularity of paintings there were proliferation of schools and sub-schools even in smaller states and thikanas.

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